Newton also described the accelerated movement of objects.

The Newton’s third law or action equals reaction.

Newton’s first law or law of inertia.

The forces in the sketches are represented by directed lines, called vectors.

Simple devices for measuring forces are based on a property of objects, called elasticity.

Students are playing on the school playground. At one moment, we see a ball hitting the goal post, a goalkeeper during a jump, a student on roller skates, a boule rolling on the ground,… Forces act on all observed objects.

A bicycle, a spoon, a particle, but also a living being – objects – have energy at a certain moment. The energy of an object can be changed by transferring energy from one object to another object or by the object transferring its energy to another object. Energy transfers between objects can be done through mechanical work.

In physicsPhysics is the scientific study of matter, energy, space, and time, and of the relations between them., work is understood only as physical activities under certain conditions. Thinking, for example, would therefore not be doing work in physics. Work involves the application of a force over a distance.

We measure a lot every day. Have you used any measuring devices today?

What do scientists do to come up with explanations for natural phenomena and laws?

When we observe moving bodies, we can see that their speed often changes.

The results of measuring the distance and time of a body’s movement, as well as the speed, can be presented in tables or graphically.

Speed is a property of moving bodies.

The distance is the length of the track between two positions of the body.

The track of motion is an imaginary trace used to describe the changing position of a body.

In the eyes of a physicist, reading study material is not work. Work is expressed in units of joules. Energy and heat also have the unit of joules. The unit is named after the English physicist and brewer James Prescott Joule, who studied the nature of heat and discovered its connection to mechanical work.

Liquids (e.g. water) flow and can be transferred from one container to another. The same applies to gases. How could we observe gas flow?

Archimedes lived in the 3rd century BC. By measuring the volume of displaced water, he established the pronciple of buoyancy, which enabled him to determine whether the royal crown was made of pure gold or not.

First, let’s review what the pressurePressure, in the physical sciences, the perpendicular force per unit area, or the stress at a point within a confined fluid. is. In physicsPhysics is the scientific study of matter, energy, space, and time, and of the relations between them., the pressure is defined as a force acting perpendicular to a unit area, or as a tension inside a closed fluid. Next, we will learn what hydrostatic pressure is.

In the following four experiments we will learn about some characteristics of liquids: viscosity, hydrostatic pressurePressure, in the physical sciences, the perpendicular force per unit area, or the stress at a point within a confined fluid. and gas flow as well as buoyancy.

The study of fluids has a long history. Archimedes, for example, was already engaged in the study of floating bodies in the time before Christ. Much later, Pascal focused on how the pressurePressure, in the physical sciences, the perpendicular force per unit area, or the stress at a point within a confined fluid. changes in closed containers, while Bernoulli studied the flow of fluids.

When working with the student book, you also press a button on the computer mouse. During that, you act on it with force. Force is a physical quantity whose unit is Newton. The unit is named after the English physicist Isaac Newton, who wrote 3 important physicsPhysics is the scientific study of matter, energy, space, and time, and of the relations between them. laws.

Kinematics describes the motion of objects. The body is moving when it changes position according to its chosen surroundings.

PhysicsPhysics is the scientific study of matter, energy, space, and time, and of the relations between them. is the natural science that studies natural phenomena using the scientific method.